안동 장씨(安東 張氏) — An Andong-based Jang clan founded by Jang Jeong-pil, one of the three grand preceptors of Andong who helped Taejo of Goryeo; said to have produced Jang Sa-gil of the Wihwa Island withdrawal, Jang Gye-hyang of the Eumsik dimibang, Jang Gi-ryeo and Jang Jun-ha.
An Andong-based Jang clan founded by Jang Jeong-pil, one of the three grand preceptors of Andong who helped Taejo of Goryeo; said to have produced Jang Sa-gil of the Wihwa Island withdrawal, Jang Gye-hyang of the Eumsik dimibang, Jang Gi-ryeo and Jang Jun-ha. In the 2015 Census the 안동 장씨 clan numbered about 39,939 people, one of Korea's major surnames and clans. Even among people surnamed 장, a different clan seat (bon-gwan, 안동) means a different lineage. New to these terms? See the bon-gwan, pa & hangnyeol guide.
The Andong Jang clan (安東 張氏) has Andong, North Gyeongsang, as its seat of origin and venerates as its founder Jang Jeong-pil (張貞弼), one of the three grand preceptors of Andong who helped Taejo Wang Geon of Goryeo. His original name was Jang Gil (張吉), the name used in the Goryeosa, and his posthumous title is said to be Chungheon (忠獻). At the 930 Battle of Gochang (Byeongsan), at present-day Andong, he is said to have led local people with Kim Seon-pyeong and Gwon Haeng to defeat Gyeon Hwon's army; for this he was raised to Taesa, Gochang County was promoted to Andong Prefecture and Andong was granted as his seat of origin.
The 2015 census counts 39,939 people. In 2000 there were 25,552 households and 83,961 people, and in 1985 15,086 households and 64,814 people; Namuwiki explains the sharp fall in 2015 as a difference in survey method, suggesting tens of thousands who regarded themselves as Andong Jang were registered as Indong Jang. Among all Jang clans it is next in size after the Indong Jang.
The clan is said to have shone in two periods. At the turn of Goryeo and Joseon, Jang Sa-gil, from a Uiju magnate family, was enfeoffed as Prince Hwasan for service in the Wihwa Island withdrawal, the founding of Joseon and the First Strife of Princes, and his younger brother Jang Sa-jeong and his son Jang Cheol also became merit subjects. In mid-Joseon, Seohu-myeon in Andong produced Gyeongdang Jang Heung-hyo, heir to the Toegye school, and his daughter Jang Gye-hyang (Lady Jeong of Andong), who left the Hangul cookbook Eumsik dimibang.
In modern times the clan is credited with the 'Korean Schweitzer' Jang Gi-ryeo, the independence activist and Sasanggye publisher Jang Jun-ha, the poet Jang Man-yeong, the surgeon Jang Ga-yong and the disability-rights activist and legislator Jang Hyang-suk. The surname is written 張, but the Indong Jang, Deoksu Jang and Danyang Jang are separate clans with different founders; for example, Yeoheon Jang Hyeon-gwang belonged to the Indong Jang.
Hwasan-gun-pa, Buryeong-gun-pa, Yesan-gun-pa, Cheongsong-gun-pa, Jirye-baek-pa, Jincheon-gun-pa, Icheon-baek-pa, Uljin-buwongun-pa, Huiyang-gong-jongpa
The Hwasan-gun branch is the representative line of the Andong Jang and is said to descend from the father and son Jang Sa-gil and Jang Cheol, who were enfeoffed as Prince Hwasan (花山君). Jang Sa-gil (張思吉, ?-1418) was a military officer from a local-magnate family of Uiju on the lower Yalu. His father was Jang Yeol, the Uiju garrison commander (Jang Ryeo in the Goryeosa form, which Wikipedia uses), and his younger brother was Jang Sa-jeong. He was wounded by an arrow resisting Hobaldo's 1382 raid on Uiju, was enrolled as a merit subject of the 1390 withdrawal from Wihwa Island, and the same year helped Yi Du-ran suppress Japanese pirates in Seohae-do.
When Joseon was founded in 1392 he was enrolled as a merit subject and enfeoffed as Prince Hwaryeong; in 1398 he sided with Prince Jeongan (Yi Bang-won) in the First Strife of Princes, became a second-class Jeongsa merit subject and Prince Yeongga, and was thereafter styled Prince Hwasan. He later served as Vice Councillor, Grand General of the Right and State Councillor without Portfolio, died in 1418 and has the posthumous title Huiyang (僖襄). A son Jang Ju and a daughter, Lady Sunhye, are introduced.
Jang Cheol (張哲, ?-1399), said to be his third son, also took part in the Wihwa Island withdrawal, became a second-class Jeongsa merit subject in 1398 and Prince Hwasan, and served as military commander, magistrate of Yeongheung and Vice Commissioner of the Central Secretariat; his posthumous title is said to be Jangyang (莊襄). English Wikipedia calls him a grandson of Jang Yeol, so accounts of his lineage differ and should be checked against your own genealogy.
Seoul Economic News reports that Jang Sa-gil's tomb is at Geumchon, Paju, Gyeonggi, where the Andong Jang lineage holds seasonal rites. Later notable descendants, clan villages and branch associations could not be confirmed. Jang Ui, the ancestor who resettled in Andong, is said to be his fifth-generation descendant, and the line through the Seohu-myeon households to Jang Heung-hyo and Jang Gye-hyang can be seen in the Andong Jang founder lineage chart.
The Buryeong-gun branch (扶寧君派) is listed by Wikipedia among the principal branches of the Andong Jang, right after the Hwasan-gun branch. Buryeong (扶寧) is known as the old name of present-day Buan in North Jeolla (the Goryeo-era Buryeong county), so the name appears to derive from someone enfeoffed as Prince Buryeong. Some press articles, such as the Sinailbo and Seoul Economic News, write the same branch as the 'Buan-gun branch', so the differing spellings should be noted. A cafe post introduces the branch under yet another name, so the branch name can look different depending on the document.
The founder of the branch (name, office, dates), notable descendants, clan villages and the branch association's contact details do not appear in the sources checked (Wikipedia, Sinailbo, Seoul Economic News, the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture and others), so they are not given here. The Andong Jang is said to divide into some sixty further sub-branches, so confirm your exact affiliation from the branch chart of your genealogy (such as the Andong Jang Daedong Sokbo) or by asking the Andong Jang Central Clan Association.
The Yesan-gun branch (禮山君派) is named as a principal branch of the Andong Jang in nearly every introduction, including Wikipedia, the Sinailbo, Seoul Economic News and a cafe post. Yesan (禮山) is a place name in South Chungcheong, so the branch name appears to derive from someone enfeoffed as Prince Yesan. It is always mentioned together with the Hwasan-gun, Cheongsong-gun and Buryeong-gun branches as a representative branch.
However, the sources searched do not show who the branch founder was or how it connects to the line of Jang Sa-gil. Seoul Economic News introduces the founding merit subject Jang Sa-gil but does not say he founded the Yesan-gun branch, so he is not asserted to be its founder here. Andong Jang clan villages in Chungcheong, such as Wolsan-ri in Hongseong-eup, Hongseong County, South Chungcheong, are mentioned, but which branch they belong to could not be confirmed.
The founder of the branch (name, office, dates), notable descendants, clan villages and the branch association's contact details do not appear in the sources checked (Wikipedia, Sinailbo, Seoul Economic News, the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture and others), so they are not given here. The Andong Jang is said to divide into some sixty further sub-branches, so confirm your exact affiliation from the branch chart of your genealogy (such as the Andong Jang Daedong Sokbo) or by asking the Andong Jang Central Clan Association.
The Cheongsong-gun branch (靑松君派) appears in Wikipedia, the Sinailbo, Seoul Economic News and cafe posts alike as a principal branch of the Andong Jang. Cheongsong (靑松) is a place name in North Gyeongsang, so the branch name appears to derive from someone enfeoffed as Prince Cheongsong. One can guess ties to the North Gyeongsang area next to Andong, but that is only an inference from the place name, not a fact confirmed in a genealogy.
Other Jang clans may have branches with the same place name, so one must not conclude it is the Andong Jang Cheongsong-gun branch from the name alone; first confirm from your genealogy that your seat of origin is Andong. Even among 'Jang' surnames, the Indong Jang and Deoksu Jang have different founders and are separate clans.
The founder of the branch (name, office, dates), notable descendants, clan villages and the branch association's contact details do not appear in the sources checked (Wikipedia, Sinailbo, Seoul Economic News, the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture and others), so they are not given here. The Andong Jang is said to divide into some sixty further sub-branches, so confirm your exact affiliation from the branch chart of your genealogy (such as the Andong Jang Daedong Sokbo) or by asking the Andong Jang Central Clan Association.
The Jirye-baek branch (知禮伯派) is listed by Wikipedia as a branch of the Andong Jang. Jirye (知禮) is the old county of Jirye (知禮縣), in the area of present-day Jirye-myeon, Gimcheon, North Gyeongsang, and 'baek' (伯, earl) is a title attached to a place name, so the branch appears to have been opened by someone enfeoffed as Earl of Jirye. The Sinailbo and a cafe post write the same branch as 'Jiye-baek-pa', so the spellings differ, and which of Jirye or Jiye is the original form could not be confirmed.
The founder of the branch (name, office, dates), notable descendants, clan villages and the branch association's contact details do not appear in the sources checked (Wikipedia, Sinailbo, Seoul Economic News, the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture and others), so they are not given here. The Andong Jang is said to divide into some sixty further sub-branches, so confirm your exact affiliation from the branch chart of your genealogy (such as the Andong Jang Daedong Sokbo) or by asking the Andong Jang Central Clan Association.
The Jincheon-gun branch (鎭川君派) is listed by Wikipedia as a branch of the Andong Jang. Jincheon (鎭川) is a place name in North Chungcheong. Jincheon County is introduced in the Sinailbo and Namuwiki as an area with an Andong Jang clan village, but whether that village is directly linked to the Jincheon-gun branch could not be confirmed. The overlap of place names and a clan village suggests a possible connection, though that is only an inference.
Some press lists of branches, such as the Sinailbo article, omit the Jincheon-gun branch, so its inclusion differs by source. The safest way to learn whether you belong to this branch is to check the branch chart in your genealogy.
The founder of the branch (name, office, dates), notable descendants, clan villages and the branch association's contact details do not appear in the sources checked (Wikipedia, Sinailbo, Seoul Economic News, the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture and others), so they are not given here. The Andong Jang is said to divide into some sixty further sub-branches, so confirm your exact affiliation from the branch chart of your genealogy (such as the Andong Jang Daedong Sokbo) or by asking the Andong Jang Central Clan Association.
The Icheon-baek branch (利川伯派) is listed by Wikipedia, written as 'Icheon-baek-gye' (利川伯系), among the divisions of the Andong Jang. Icheon (利川) is a place in Gyeonggi Province, and 'baek' (伯, earl) appears to refer to someone enfeoffed as Earl of Icheon. Wikipedia mixes 'pa' (branch) and 'gye' (line), so the formal branch name used by the clan association may be written differently.
The founder of the branch (name, office, dates), notable descendants, clan villages and the branch association's contact details do not appear in the sources checked (Wikipedia, Sinailbo, Seoul Economic News, the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture and others), so they are not given here. The Andong Jang is said to divide into some sixty further sub-branches, so confirm your exact affiliation from the branch chart of your genealogy (such as the Andong Jang Daedong Sokbo) or by asking the Andong Jang Central Clan Association.
The Uljin-buwongun branch (蔚珍府院君派) is listed by Wikipedia as a branch of the Andong Jang. Uljin (蔚珍) is in North Gyeongsang, and buwongun (府院君) is a high title given to merit subjects or a king's father-in-law. It therefore appears to be a branch founded by someone enfeoffed as Buwongun of Uljin, but who that person was could not be confirmed.
It is easy to confuse with others. The Indong Jang (sanggun line) has an 'Uljin branch' whose founder is said to be Jang Yeon, a different lineage from this one, and there is also a separate clan called the Uljin Jang. Do not treat similar names as the same family; confirm from your genealogy that your seat of origin is Andong.
The founder of the branch (name, office, dates), notable descendants, clan villages and the branch association's contact details do not appear in the sources checked (Wikipedia, Sinailbo, Seoul Economic News, the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture and others), so they are not given here. The Andong Jang is said to divide into some sixty further sub-branches, so confirm your exact affiliation from the branch chart of your genealogy (such as the Andong Jang Daedong Sokbo) or by asking the Andong Jang Central Clan Association.
The Huiyang-gong main branch (僖襄公宗派) is listed by Wikipedia at the end of the Andong Jang branch list. Huiyang (僖襄) is the same word as the posthumous title of Jang Sa-gil, so the name may refer to the line of his main house. That is only an inference from the name, not a confirmed fact, and its relation to the Hwasan-gun branch could not be confirmed either. 'Jongpa' (宗派) usually means the main-house line descending through eldest sons.
The founder of the branch (name, office, dates), notable descendants, clan villages and the branch association's contact details do not appear in the sources checked (Wikipedia, Sinailbo, Seoul Economic News, the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture and others), so they are not given here. The Andong Jang is said to divide into some sixty further sub-branches, so confirm your exact affiliation from the branch chart of your genealogy (such as the Andong Jang Daedong Sokbo) or by asking the Andong Jang Central Clan Association.
Branch divisions vary by lineage and jokbo; confirm your own branch in your family's records.
장정필(founder, one of the three grand preceptors of Andong), 장사길(Wihwa Island withdrawal, founding merit subject, Prince Hwasan), 장철(second-class Jeongsa merit subject), 장사정(founding and Jeongsa merit subject), 장흥효(Gyeongdang, Toegye school), 장계향(Eumsik dimibang), 장기려(the Korean Schweitzer), 장준하(Sasanggye, Liberation Army), 장만영(poet), 장가용(surgeon), 장향숙(17th National Assembly member)
Tap a name for the full profile (life, career, grave, descendants).
안동 장씨 figures recognized as independence patriots (National Independence Hall / Gonghun public data). Tap a name for the citation.
Sources disagree on the origin of the founder Jang Jeong-pil. A text quoting the Andong Jang Daedong Sokbo says he was born in 888 in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, son of the grand marshal Jang Won, passed the civil examination in Tang China and served as Minister of Personnel, while the Digital Andong Cultural Encyclopedia says he fled unrest at the end of the ninth century with his father to Silla and stayed in Gangneung and Andong. A tradition makes him a great-great-grandson of Jang Bo-go, but sources are lacking and its credibility is doubted. The firm point is that at the 930 Battle of Gochang he helped Taejo Wang Geon with Kim Seon-pyeong and Gwon Haeng, the three grand preceptors of Andong. Follow the line in the Andong Jang founder lineage chart and the two other houses in Andong Kim and Andong Gwon.
Taesamyo shrine in Bukmun-dong, Andong, enshrines the three and is Gyeongsangbuk-do Monument No. 15 (designated 1974). The shrine is said to have begun when Andong residents in the early Goryeo built a shrine in honour of the three; it was moved to its present site in 1542, was burned in the Korean War and later rebuilt (dates differ slightly by source). The compound has a shrine-yard stele, Sukbodang, Gyeongmoru and the Treasure Hall, and descendants hold rites each spring and autumn. The twelve kinds of Goryeo-era relics (22 pieces; red-lacquer cup stand, silk, hat, shoes, fan, bronze seals, royal edict and others) kept here are designated as the Treasure 'Andong Taesamyo Samgongsin relics', although which relic belonged to whom is not known.
The Digital Andong Cultural Encyclopedia introduces the Andong Jang as a clan resident in Andong with Jang Jeong-pil as founder and Jang Ui as the ancestor who resettled there. Jang Ui, a fifth-generation descendant of Jang Sa-gil, is said to have left the capital in the unsettled politics of early Joseon for his forebears' Andong and to have settled near the founder's tomb. The main areas are Seonggok-ri (Chunpa) and Geumgye-ri in Seohu-myeon, Andong, where about forty households, including the head house of Jang Heung-hyo's line, live in Seonggok-ri. The Sinailbo also lists Gungcheon-ri in Hoengseong-eup, Hoengseong, Gangwon; Wolsan-ri in Hongseong-eup, South Chungcheong; and Ipseok-ri in Sudong-myeon, Namyangju, Gyeonggi, while Namuwiki mentions Yecheon in North Gyeongsang, Namhae in South Gyeongsang, Jincheon in North Chungcheong, Hongcheon in Gangwon and Ansan in Gyeonggi. The 2000 census ranked Seoul (20,784), Gyeonggi (18,225), Busan (6,752), Incheon (5,806) and South Chungcheong (5,278).
In Seonggok-ri are the tomb and ritual lodge of Taesa Jang (Jang Jeong-pil) and Bongnim Jeongsa; at Chunpa in Geumgye-ri are Gyeongdang Old House, Gwangpungjeong and Jewoldae. Gyeonggwang Seowon, which enshrines Jang Heung-hyo, belongs to the same line of learning. Seokgye Old House at Durul village in Won-ri, Seokbo-myeon, Yeongyang is introduced as the home of Jang Gye-hyang. Prince Hwasan Jang Sa-gil's tomb is said to be at Geumchon, Paju, where the clan holds seasonal rites. Check access and location with Andong City or the clan before visiting.
Wikipedia says the clan divides into the principal branches Hwasan-gun, Buryeong-gun, Yesan-gun, Cheongsong-gun, Jirye-baek, Jincheon-gun, Icheon-baek, Uljin-buwongun and Huiyang-gong, plus some sixty sub-branches. The Sinailbo names Hwasan-gun, Buan-gun, Yesan-gun, Cheongsong-gun and Jiye-baek as the main ones, so spellings differ (Buryeong and Buan, Jirye and Jiye). The founders of the branches could not be confirmed here; see the cards below for each branch.
The Sinailbo counts 51 successful examinees in the Joseon period (4 civil, 10 military, 20 sama, 16 interpreters and 1 medical). Wikipedia lists Jang Se-ryang, Jang Jeong-sik, Jang Je-han and Jang Jung-in as civil examination graduates. Medieval figures are Jang Sa-gil, Jang Cheol and Jang Sa-jeong; Joseon figures Jang Heung-hyo and Jang Gye-hyang; modern figures Jang Gi-ryeo, Jang Jun-ha, Jang Man-yeong, Jang Ga-yong and Jang Hyang-suk. One article says Jang Ryeo (張儷), a 13th-generation descendant of the founder, was made Earl of Hwaryeong and rose to Right Chief State Councillor, but Wikipedia writes the name of Jang Sa-gil's father as Jang Ryeo (張侶), so lineage notations differ.
The Andong Jang Central Clan Association is introduced by Wikipedia and Namuwiki as the central body, and Wikipedia gives its official website as andongjangc.com, but access could not be confirmed in this research. The Sinailbo (2013) named Jang Myeong-gi as its chairman at the time; the present officers could not be confirmed. Check current contact details directly.
Namuwiki and Wikipedia carry a table of generation characters from the 31st to the 54th generation. For example, generation 31 uses jae (載), gyu (圭), gi (基); generation 32 seon (善), jin (鎭); generation 40 the yeol, yeop, hwan, hun group; and generation 45 the han, hwa, yeop group. Sources differ, however: generation 36 is written hyeon (鉉) in one and hyeon (玹) in an article of 1989, and the original table on Wikipedia is garbled, so the generation-by-generation matches are hard to reproduce. Actual use varies by branch and region, so always check against your own genealogy.
The counts are 15,086 households and 64,814 people in 1985, 25,552 households and 83,961 people in 2000, and 39,939 people in 2015. One interpretation attributes the 2015 drop to differences in survey method.
The Jang surname is mostly written 張, but even the same seat name may use different characters. Confirm from your genealogy that your seat is Andong and not Indong, Deoksu or another Jang clan.
The 안동 장씨 clan association can be found in the Korean E-Jokbo Library clan-association directory.
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